A University of Bristol is a university in Bristol in the United Kingdom. It received its Royal Charter in 1909, and is one of a original "redbrick" universities. It has the hard reputation for teaching and research and is ofx ranked when one of a top ten universities in the UK.

Overview
A University proper was preceded by the University College of Bristol founded in 1876, with a intention of bringing university culture to the outlying area of the united states. Since a instauration of the University itself around 1909, funded by Henry Overton Wills III, the University has grown substantially & is okay, the member of the Russell Group of research-led UK universities, the Coimbra Group of leading European universities and a Worldwide Universities Network (the WUN).

A past University College wwhen a 1st such institution in the united states to admit women on the equivalent basis as men. A University is at present one of a big employers in the local metropolitan area, although these are substantially little by student numbers than the nearby University of the West of England. Bristol doesn't have a campus, as numerous 'newly' universities launder, however is cover the considerable geographic region. Virtually all of its activities yet, come concentrated in the city center which is consequently densely populated by students (although there are occasionally 'very' residents, as well).

the University offers a wide range of courses: undergraduate, postgraduate (taught & locate), good-whale and the portion-half-time spanning a considerable array of disciplines (watch below). Its particular strengths prove my point to lie within Medicine, Engineering (see History) and Law. A University unremarkably ranks within the top tenner of British universities in [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/finalunitable2.pdf newspaper league tables] & was graded Sixtieth around the globe [http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/top500(1-100).htm] in 2004. Bristol is too known for its locate nature and severity, with Xv departments gaining a top grade of 5* within [http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/rae_dynamic.cfm?myURL=http://195.194.167.103/Results/openInst.asp the latest RAE] (Research Assessment Exercise) in 2001, and for its teaching nature and severity, with an [http://www.bris.ac.uk/tsu/ext_quality/qaa/qaaresults.html average] Teaching Quality Assessment score of 22.05/24 prior to a TQA was abolished. This reputation lead to Bristol existence a virtually all oversubscribed of any United Kingdom university in the 2001 UCAS admissions round, by having Xi applications for each undergrad place. For admissions within 2004, this figure had declined simply sligtly to X.Two applications by the place.

A University hwhen been regarded as existence elitist, taking about half of its undergrad students from either non-state schools. Around late February and early March 2003, Bristol became embroiled inside a row just about admissions policies, using the few buck private schools threatening a boycott according to their claims that, around an effort to improve equality of access, the University was discriminating against their students. Since so, the University has established a [http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/how_run/policies/admissions-policy.html new admissions policy] which lays call at considerable detail a basis in which any greater or even lesser weight can be given to particular area of particular applier backgrounds — in particular what account can be taken of which school a applier hails from either. This newly policy besides encourages greater participation from either locally resident applier.

Bristol, witharound park using virtually all more UK universities has faced increasing shortage inside funding for teaching around recent years (although dollars and cents is commonly in nimiety, a University has little room for farther borrowing). It was the advocator of the recently introduced, & extremely controversial, variable tuition fees policy of a UK Government, with the Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Eric Thomas, writing an article in The Sunday Times in support. Fallowing due consideration, a University decided to charge a fully £3000 fees for everthing undergrad courses from either 2006/7, and offer [http://www.bris.ac.uk/studentfinance/financing-studies.html means-tested bursaries] to students affected per fresh fees. This pattern of charging hwhen emerged as a norm amongst English universities, with a competition largely between a size & nature and severity of the bursaries offered.

History
The early years
The Victoria Rooms now house the University's Department of Music. When a foundation of the University College as a College of the University of London in 1876, Government support began within 1889 & allowed a opening of the freshly School of medicine and an Polytechnic institute (fallowing mergers by owning the Bristol Medical School and the Merchant Venturers' Technical College), two cases which remain among a University's greatest strengths. Within 1908, gifts from a Fry & Wills families (world health organization mass produced their fortunes around chocolate & tobacco severally), particularly £100,00From either Henry Overton Wills III (£6m in today's money) were provided to endow a University for Bristol and the West of England, provided that a Royal Charter could be obtained within two years. Within December 1909, the King [http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/go/universitycalendar/regs/charter.html granted] such the Charter & erected A University of Bristol; Henry Wills became its 1st Chancellor. He died around 1911, and inside tribute his sons George and Harry built the Wills Memorial Building, started inside 1913 and completed in 1925 — a spectacular building which dominates a city to this day. These times, it houses area of the academic provision for law, management & finance, geography & geology amongst others and graduation ceremonies are held in its Great Hall. Inside 1920 George Wills bought The Victoria Rooms and endowed them to the University as a Students' Union — one of the 1st SUs in the united states.

At a point of foundation, a University was compulsory to provide for the local community — it was after100% created to spread University culture to 'a provinces'. This mission was behind a guide to produce a Department of More-Mural Adult Education inside 1924 to provide courses to the local community. This mission continues now — a [http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/how_run/policies/admissions-policy.html new admissions policy] specifically caters to the BS postcode area.

Inside 1927 the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory was opened by Ernest Rutherford. It has since housed occasionally of Bristol's best known list: Paul Dirac (1933), a Bristol graduate; Cecil Frank Powell (1950); Hans Albrecht Bethe (1967); and Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1977). A Laboratory stands on the equivalent places in todays world & remains [http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/rae_dynamic.cfm?myURL=http://195.194.167.103/Results/byuoa/uoa19.htm at the forefront] of search in the field.

Sir Winston Churchill became the University's third Chancellor within 1929, serving the University in this capacity until 1965.

Towards mass higher-education
In the period of World War II, a Wills Memorial was bombed, destroying a Peachy Hall & the organ it housed. It has since been restored to its previous glory, complete using oak panelled bulwarks & the newly organ.

Around 1946, a University established the foremost drama department in the country. In the equivalent season, Bristol began offering favorite entrance exams and grants to aid a relocation of servicemen giving house. Student prices continued to increase, & a Faculty of Engineering one of these days required a fresh premiss that were to turn into Queen's Building inside 1955. This real building housed everthing of the University's engineers until 1996 when Electrical Engineering and Computer Science moved over a road into a newly Merchant Venturers' Building to produce space for these apace expanding fields. Now, Queen's Building caters for virtually a lot of the teaching needs of the Faculty (although non all of the two) & will bring academic space for the 'heavily' engineerings (civil, mechanical, aeronautical).

By using unprecedented incubation in a Sixties, particularly among undergrad, the Student's Union within time acquired big assumption in the newly building in the Clifton area of the city, in 1965. This recently building was substantially extra spacious than a Victoria Rooms, which were okay, given assibilate to the Department of Music. A new Union provides many practice & performance rooms, occasionally specialist rooms too when 2 blocks (a Epi & a Mandela). When spacious, a building is thought by numerous to exist as somewhat horrible, & away from character in comparison a rest of the (comparatively loaded) Clifton locality. These are too like outside a students' common circuit & there are hanker term plans to relocate a Union back to the virtually all central a share of the city.

A Sixties were a instance of considerable student activism within Britain, and Bristol was there is no exception. Inside 1968, many students marched inside trend lines of the Anderson Report which known as for higher student grants. This discontentment culminated within an Xi-day sit-in a Senate Home (from either in which the University is start).

The modern university
When a age of mass higher-education dawned, Bristol continued to build its reputation and its student prices. A various undergrad residences were repeatedly expanded & further recently, occasionally graduate residences use been constructed. These other recent ventures use at times been funded (& come rerun) by external corporations agreed using a University since a University presently has little borrowing facility left available to that to finance big capital ventures without external funding. Todays residences come:

Undergraduate residences

Postgraduate residences

Mixed residences

Fallowing the recent rearrangement, Bristol at present has Hexad [http://www.bris.ac.uk/faculties/ Faculties]: Arts, Engineering, Medical examination & Veterinary Sciences, Medicine & Dental medicine, Science, & Social Sciences & Law. Between the babies it comprise 52 separate [http://www.bris.ac.uk/index/faculties/ Departments], offering assibilate 200 [http://www.bris.ac.uk/prospectus/undergraduate/2006/prog_index undergraduate courses] & 110 [http://www.bris.ac.uk/prospectus/postgraduate/2005/all_taught_progs taught postgraduate courses]. In addition, a University offers graduate degrees by search (understand Degrees of the University of Bristol), spanning a vast range of specialist topics.

1981 saw a establishment of one of the couple Centres for Deaf Studies within the UK, followed in 1988 by the Norah Fry Centre for research into learning difficulties.

Too within 1988 and againside in 2004, the Students' Union AGM voted to disaffiliate from either a National Union of Students. In two occasions, still, a subsequent referendum of a lot students reversed that guide & Bristol remains affiliated to NUS. When a total of graduate student students has grown (particularly a amounts pursuing taught Master's Degrees), therefore there was at length a require for separate representatiwithin on University bodies & the Postgraduate Union (PGU) was established in 2000.

Universities come progressively required to exploit a intellectual property generated by their research activities &, around 2000, Bristol established the The food & drug administration and Enterprise Section (RED) to more this induced (particularly for technology-depending businesses). Within 2002, the University opened the freshly Centre for Sports, Exercise & Health in the heart of the University Precinct. Local residents come too choose a breath to take benefit of its facilities.

Expansion of teaching & the food & drug administration activities continues, naturally, and inside 2004, the Faculty of Engineering completed operate on the Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering (BLADE). This £20m task will bring cutting-edge technology to more a survey of kinetics & is the virtually all advanced such facility inside Europe. It was built as an extension to the Queen's Building & was officially opended by Queen Elizabeth II in March 2005.

There exists as well the 'Masterplan' afoot now to significantly redevelop a centre of the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/maps/precinct.html University Precinct] inside the coming years, however this is however in its super early stages.

Chancellors
A Chancellor is elected by Court in nomination per Council. A initial term is Decade years, although this is renewable. There stand been septenary Chancellors of the University:

Henry Overton Wills, 1909 – 1911 The Viscount Haldane of Cloan, 1912 – 1928 Sir Winston Churchill, 1929 – 1965 The Duke of Beaufort, 1965 – 1970 Professor Dorothy Hodgkin, 1970 – 1988 Sir Jeremy Morse, 1989 – 2003 The Baroness Hale of Richmond, 2004 –

Constitution and governance
When a Chancellor is the titular head of the University, these are inside practise led per Vice-Chancellor, currently Prof. Eric Thomas, who is the University's Primary Academic Officer & Chief Executive Officer. He is supported by the team of Quadruplet (however normally Deuce-ace) Pro Vice-Chancellors: Prof. Sir John Beringer, Prof. Patricia Broadfoot, Prof. Selby Knox & Prof. David Clarke; a Registrar (Derek Pretty) & the Deputy Registrar (Alison Allden). There are besides Deuce Pro Chancellors, but their roles come strictly ceremonial, stepping around for even the Chancellor whilst he or she is unable to attend.

There are foursome organs of governance in the University. The brief overview can be witnessed [http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/how_run/ here].

Council
Council is 32 members, by having a lay majority & appoints is possess Chairmain from either among the lay members. A members come a Vice-Chancellor, a Pro-Vice-Chancellors, a Financial officer, Fifteen lay members elected by Court, a member appointed by Bristol City Council, a member appointed per Society of Merchant Venturers, a member appointed by Convocation, Little joe members of the academic staff, 2 members of the trend lines staff & Tierce students. Elective & appointive members help for renewable triplet-month terms.

A University Council is a supreme organisation of the University. It alone has a power to produce changes to the University's Charter, Statutes and Ordinances and produce a necessary recommendations to the Privy Council. A merely exceptions to this come academic ordinances which Council could exclusively produce or even amend sustaining a consent of Senate, & changes to the constituions of Court and Convocation which require approval from either Court. Whenever Court withholds consent, so fallowing of these month Council might inflict a changes forswearing Court's consent.

A ceremonial officers of a University (a Chancellor & Pro-Chancellors) & the Financial officer come nominated by Council for approval by Court. A senior executive team of a University & the Professors are appointed by Council, after consulting Senate. Council might too institute or even abolish any academic post, using Senate's consent. Honorary degrees come awarded by Council in nomination by Senate & Council recommends to Court a award of honorary fellowships. As a matter of fact, a lot degrees come awarded by Council, however largely this plan a approval of the relevant Board of Examiners and/or Degree Committee.

Council is likewise at long last responsible a legal & fiscal affairs of the University & is, e.g., the formal employer of completely staff. A Council likewise holds Senate to account. It meets unremarkably Sextet days by the season, & is advised by the heavy total of [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Secretary/ctteestructure.htm Committees], a select few jointly formed by having Senate.

Court
There are roughly 550 members of Court. It include officers of the University, representatives of the non-academic staff, members of Council and Senate, emeritus Prof, helper, a select few members of the Society of Merchant Venturers, representatives of Local Authorities, people appointed per Privy Council, people appointed per Chancellor, representatives of more universities & colleges, local Members of Parliament and Members of the European Parliament, representatives of local and agent ('learned') societies, & astir Hundred members elective by & from either Convocation. A students come represented by people it elect to Council & Senate & don't keep around directly electoral powers to Court. These are chaired per Chancellor & commonly meets when every season around December, although it might meet at more days whenever sufficiently several of its members then asking.

Court was once a merely immune system in the University which may approve changes to the Charter & Legislative act (prior to it were petitioned to the Privy Council). So, Council would recommend a changes & Court would debate & approve, amend or even reject the babies. Fallowing a recent hassle by having a Privy Council & the Department for Education and Skills, Court has lost these powers. Council is okay, a simply person which might produce such changes. Court's sole residuary powers in that respect come a ability to delay changes to the constitutions of itself & of Convocation; powers which were exclusively barely retained.

A few 'echt' power maintained is that to appoint a Chancellor, In favor-Chancellors & Financial officer, on a nomination of Council, to appoint the external auditors & to elect Fifteen of the lay members of Council. Note, nevertheless, that it potty just choose these (primarily ceremonial) posts in recommendation from either more bodies & Court doesn't normally disagree sustaining the babies. It besides retains a power to dislodge its have members & victims of Council, apart from either either either people whose membership final result from their professional or even from existence members of the academic staff of the University. So virtually all of a members of Court come excluded from either this provision, though notably non virtually all of Council, the situation the Privy Council doesn't seem caring by using.

Court's role okay, is so largely consultatory. It receives an [http://www.bris.ac.uk/university/publications/annual_report.html annual report] from either Council & a audited [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Finance/acc0304.pdf accounts]. It could comment in the affairs of the University, can counsel Council on any matter on to the University & might invite Council to view the guide. This recently scope of powers has non however been had by Court; a number 1 meeting under a fresh system is around December 2005.

Senate
There are a little ended C members of Senate including a Vice-Chancellor & Pro-Vice-Chancellors, Deans of Faculties, Heads of Departments, a Registrar, Bibliothec, the President & Vice President of the Student's Union, a President of a graduate Union, representatives of: a undergrad Deans, a Graduate Deans, a Prof & the non-professorial academic staff, & of these undergraduate & a single postgraduate student from either every of the Faculties.

Senate is the senior even academic system in the University & changes or additions to the academic ordinances might merely exist as manufactured by Council with Senate's approval. These are responsible to Council for overseeing teaching, examinations & locate & there is no freshly academic award can be created forgoing Senate's approval. Recommendations for even honorary degrees & chair come mass produced to Council by Senate & advice is given on a appointment or removal of the Vice-Chancellor, Pro-Vice-Chancellors & academic staff. Note that Senate has there is no influence all over a Charter or even Legislative act, including a academic elements of the two, since that power rests only sustaining Council.

Existence a ultimate academic authority in a University, Senate oversees the Faculties, Schools & Departments & could produce recommendations to Council on their composition & structure. Likewise, these are a immune system formally responsible controlling student admissions & student discipline. Senate has a formal power to declare an opiniinside on any matter on to the University & Council is compulsory to require that opinion into account in its discussions.

Senate unremarkably meets fourfold a year and is chaired per Vice-Chancellor. When every meeting it reports to Council.

There are two or three [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Secretary/ctteestructure.htm Committees] advising Senate, a select few construed jointly by having Council.

Convocation
Convocation has a heavy total of members: the Chancellor, Pro-Chancellors, Vice-Chancellor, Pro-Vice-Chancellors, honorary fellows, members of Senate, academic staff, University officers, graduates, honorary graduates and such more previous students when Convocation determines, presently people world health organization use at times received academic awards requiring at least nine months of good-whale learn or even an tantamount period of a portion-half-time survey. There are likewise associate members, including all the academic-related staff of the University.

It has little power within its have perfect, although it elects One c members of Court and 1 member of Council. Prefer a more bodies, it will express an opiniin on any matter on to the University & it can communicate directly using Court, Council & Senate. Its primary work is to provide a forum for discussion for all a members of the University world health organization keep around there is no more representation, & to organise alumni cases & the such as to assure graduates stay around touch by using the University.

It meets every July, over the reunion weekend. These are formally chaired per Chancellor, however a Chairwoman of Convocation extra commonly presides.

Degrees
Bristol awards the fairly average range of academic degrees spanning bachelor's and master's degrees as well as junior doctorates and higher doctorates. A postnominals awarded are a degree abbreviations used commonly among British universities.

Academic dress
the University specifies a mix of Cambridge and Oxford academic dress. Largely, it utilizes Cambridge-style hoods & Oxford-style gowns. Outstandingly for British universities, a hoods come compulsory to become 'University red' (look at a logotype at a top of the document) like than black.

Miscellaneous facts
Goldney Hall, one of a dorm, occurs as popular location for cinematography by using The Chronicles of Narnia, The House of Eliott and Berkeley Square filmed there. A grotto in Goldney's garden is a Grade We listed building. A University as well owns Royal Fort Home & Clifton Hill House, both as well Grade We, & a Grade II* Victoria Rooms. A Wills Memorial Building is used Grade II*.

Students gaining degrees from either either Bristol (apart from honorary graduates) come in the choose class action of British students world health organization don't put on mortarboards at graduation. Based on data from legend, this is because, at an early graduation ceremony, a male graduands all threw their headgear either at a female graduands, or off a Clifton Suspension Bridge, by way of 'protest' at coeducation. Afterward mortarboards were non worn. This legend is told of a total of more universities & is just about for sure untrue, particularly given that University College Bristol was co-ed prior to the University proper potentially existed!

Around 2004, a University unveiled its fresh logotype, shown at the top of this web site. Usually speaking, this logotype has replaced a University Arms shown on this button however a Arms may prove my point to become utilized in which there is a specific historical or even ceremonial requirement [http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/pro/visualidentity/arms.html]. A Arms comprise:

A inscription on the book is the Latin opening of the 124th Psalm, "If the Lord Himself had not (been on our side...)". Watch [http://www.bris.ac.uk/cms/pro/visualidentity/arms.html#description here].

Famous alumni
The names of a select few of the best known alumni of the University can be discovered here.